Is There Benefit in Keeping Early Discharge Patients Overnight After Total Joint Arthroplasty?

BackgroundTotal joint arthoplasty (TJA) cost containment has been a key focus for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services spawning significant research and programmatic change, including a move toward early discharge and outpatient TJA. TJA outpatients receive few, if any, medical interventions before discharge, but the type and quantity of interventions provided for TJA patients who stay overnight in the hospital is unknown. This study quantified the nature, frequency, and outcome of interventions occurring overnight after primary TJA.Methods1725 consecutive primary unilateral TJAs performed between 2012 and 2017 by a single surgeon in a rapid-discharge program, managed by a perioperative internal medicine specialist, were reviewed. Medical records were examined for diagnostic tests, treatments, and procedures, results of interventions, and readmissions.Results759 patients were discharged on postoperative day 1. Eighty-four percent (641 of 759) received no medical interventions during their overnight hospital stay. Twelve (1.6%) received diagnostic tests, 90 (11.9%) received treatments, and 29 (3.8%) received procedures. Ninety-two percent (11 of 12) of diagnostic tests were negative, 66% of 100 treatments in 90 patients were intravenous fluids for oliguria or hypotension, and all procedures were in and out catheterizations for urinary retention. 90-day all-cause readmission rates were similar in patients who received (2.5%) and did not receive (3.3%) a clinical intervention.ConclusionMost patients received no overnight interventions, suggesting unnecessary costly hospitalization. The most common issues addressed were oliguria, urinary retention, and hypotension. Protocols to prevent these conditions would facilitate outpatient TJA, improve patient safety, and reduce costs.     

改良俯卧位对俯卧位通气临床疗效及并发症的影响

目的观察改良俯卧位对俯卧位通气(PPV)临床疗效及并发症的影响。方法将该院呼吸和危重症医学科行PPV的52例患者随机分为对照组和实验组各26例,对照组应用常规方法进行PPV,实验组采用改良俯卧位进行PPV。比较两组患者PPV的临床效果和并发症发生情况。结果两组间俯卧位前和俯卧位后12 h的氧合指数无明显差异(P>0.05);两组患者俯卧位后12 h的氧合指数均较各组俯卧位前明显改善(P<0.05);两组患者气管插管脱出、血流动力学显著波动、误吸和面部水肿的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);实验组皮肤压疮的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论改良俯卧位对PPV的临床疗效无显著影响,但可以降低皮肤压疮的发生率。     

植入物乳房重建一步法和二步法临床对比研究

目的:探讨即刻乳房假体重建（一步法）和应用扩张器的假体重建（二步法）两种不同手术方式在术后并发症、美容效果和成本效益的差异。方法:回顾性分析我院乳腺外科2015年5月至2018年5月收治的285例乳腺癌植入物重建患者，依据手术方式不同分为一步法组（145例）和二步法组（140例），比较两组患者临床资料的差异。结果:一步法组术后出血发生率（6.8%）高于二步法组（1.4%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）。一步法组术后伤口皮瓣坏死率（6.2%）高于二步法组（1.4%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）。二步法组乳房满意度评分（81.5±7.1）分高于1步法组（78.6±6.2）分，差异有统计学意义（P=0.035）。二步法组住院总花费（80 334.8±6 149.8）元高于一步法组（60 966.5±5 544.9）元，差异有统计学意义（P=0.049）。二步法组住院天数（34.3±3.2）天多于一步法组（17.5±3.9）天，差异有统计学意义（P=0.014）。结论:在植入物乳房重建两种手术方式中，二步法相较于一步法，其并发症少，美容效果好，但在成本效益上并不优于一步法。     

快速康复护理在腹腔镜下全子宫切除中的应用

目的探讨在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中应用快速康复护理措施对患者围手术期指标和患者并发症的影响。方法将在本院行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的70例患者随机分为两组,各35例,对照组35例给予常规护理,观察组35例给予快速康复护理,对比两组围手术期相关指标、手术前后VAS评分、并发症发生情况以及患者护理满意度。结果观察组胃肠蠕动时间[(9.32±1.67)h]、肛门排气时间[(4.67±1.37)h]、下床活动时间[(6.69±1.24)h]、术后进食时间[(6.21±0.55)h]和住院时间[(4.25±1.20)d]均显著短于对照组的[(12.87±2.08)h]、[(7.28±1.13)h]、[(9.75±3.29)h][(9.33±0.61)h]、[(7.25±1.38)d],P<0.05;观察组术后1 d和术后3 d的VAS评分分别为(4.01±1.28)分、(1.23±0.35)分,显著低于对照组的(6.80±1.32)分、(2.62±0.41)分,P<0.05;观察组和对照组术后并发症发生率(2.86%vs 17.14%)和患者护理满意度(97.14%vs.80.00%)比较,观察组均显著优于对照组P<0.05。结论对于行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的患者,给予快速康复护理模式可促进患者早期康复,减少术后疼痛程度,降低术后并发症发生率。     

重视腹壁疝术后并发症预防及处理

腹壁疝手术的目的是修复腹壁缺损并恢复功能，而手术成功的基础是尽量避免手术后出现并发症。腹壁疝术后的常见并发症包括复发、手术部位感染、血清肿、精索并发症、神经并发症、腹腔器官损伤、腹腔内粘连和补片感染等，发生的原因不尽相同。通过建立技术培训制度、构建疝和腹壁外科的质量控制体系、建立疝病病人登记注册制度和不良事件报告制度等，有助于减少腹壁疝术后并发症发生，进一步提高我国疝和腹壁外科的诊疗水平。     

单双侧椎弓根入路PKP治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的对比分析

目的比较单侧和双侧椎弓根入路经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月本院收治的需要进行经皮椎体后凸形成术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者55例,按照手术入路不同分单侧入路组(n=29)和双侧入路组(n=26)。比较两组患者手术前后腰背部的疼痛程度;比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨水泥灌注量以及X线曝光次数;比较术前和术后Cobb角和椎体前缘高度,以及术后并发症情况,包括肺栓塞、骨水泥渗漏和伤椎邻近椎体再骨折。结果 (1)术前腰背部VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),术后两组患者VAS评分均有所下降,术后1天、术后3月两组之间VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(2)单侧入路组的手术时间、术中出血量、骨水泥灌注量及X线曝光次数均低于双侧入路组(P <0.05)。(3)术后均能改善术前患椎Cobb角及增加椎体前缘高度(P <0.05),术后单侧和双侧入路两组数据之间对比差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。单侧入路并发症发生率为13.79%,双侧入路组发生骨水泥侧漏6例、伤椎邻近椎体再骨折4例,并发症发生率为38.46%。单侧入路组并发症发生情况明显优于对照组(P <0.05)。结论单侧和双侧椎弓根入路经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术均可有效缓解患者疼痛,改善病变椎体后凸畸形及恢复椎体高度,但单侧椎弓根入路较双侧可明显缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量、骨水泥灌注量、X线曝光次数以及术后并发症。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎患者综合护理的干预效果分析

目的 探讨对慢性化脓性中耳炎患者采用综合护理干预方式完成围术期护理后的临床效果.方法 选择医院2014年6月—2019年2月收治的80例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者作为实验对象;随机数表法分组后探究每组围术期选择的护理干预措施;对照组(40例):选择围术期基础护理措施;试验组(40例):选择围术期基础护理措施+综合护理干预措;比较两组中耳炎患者术后听力障碍恢复情况以及护理后并发症情况.结果 护理前,试验组慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力障碍评分同对照组比较差异不明显(P>0.05);护理后,试验组听力障碍评分低于对照组明显(P<0.05);试验组慢性化脓性中耳炎患者并发症总发生率(2.50%)低于对照组(32.50%),差异明显(P<0.05).结论 慢性化脓性中耳炎患者于围术期接受综合护理干预后,对于听力障碍缓解、护理后安全指数提升,均获得显著作用效果,为慢性化脓性中耳炎患者康复状态的提升奠定基础.